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Season 6, Episode 154

Labor 131: Affirmative Action's Evolution

D. CALEB SMITH LABOR 131 SIDEBAR

 

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D. Caleb Smith

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Mount Holyoke College 

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On this edition of Labor 131, presented by the National Labor Office of Blue Cross and Blue Shield Association, D. Caleb Smith, Assistant Professor of History at Mount Holyoke College, joined the America's Work Force Union Podcast to discuss the origins and evolution of affirmative action. Smith explored the term's roots in the 1935 National Labor Relations Act, its development through the Civil Rights era and its current challenges under the Trump administration.

Smith traced affirmative action's beginnings to the Wagner Act of 1935, which first used the term to address labor discrimination. However, he said the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and other civil rights groups initially opposed the act due to its allowance of closed shops, which permitted unions to discriminate against African Americans. Smith highlighted how this early legislation laid the groundwork for future debates on workplace equality and discrimination.

He then shifted the conversation to efforts by the Kennedy and Johnson administrations to strengthen affirmative action. Smith detailed Kennedy’s Executive Order 10925, which introduced the modern definition of affirmative action, and Johnson's Executive Order 11246, which expanded protections for federal contractors. These orders, while groundbreaking, still faced challenges in enforcement and implementation, setting the stage for ongoing legal battles and policy debates, he noted.

Smith concluded by examining the current state of affirmative action under the Trump administration. He discussed how recent policy changes, including the repeal of Executive Order 11246, have redefined concepts of racial discrimination and merit. Smith emphasized the potential consequences of these shifts, particularly for people of color in corporate spaces, and highlighted the ongoing struggle to balance fair employment practices with political ideologies.

Listen to the full episode for more from Smith on affirmative action's complex history and its impact on today's workforce.


America’s Work Force is the only daily labor podcast in the US and has been on the air since 1993, supplying listeners with useful, relevant input into their daily lives through fact-finding features, in-depth interviews, informative news segments and practical consumer reports. America’s Work Force is committed to providing an accessible venue in which America's workers and their families can hear discussion on important, relevant topics such as employment, healthcare, legislative action, labor-management relations, corporate practices, finances, local and national politics, consumer reports and labor issues.

America’s Work Force Union Podcast is brought to you in part by our sponsors: AFL-CIO, American Federation of Government Employees, American Federation of Musicians Local 4, Alliance for American Manufacturing, Anthem Blue Cross Blue Shield, Brotherhood of Maintenance of Way Employes-IBT, Boyd Watterson, Columbus/Central Ohio Building and Construction Trades Council, Communication Workers of America, Mechanical Insulators Labor Management Cooperative Trust, International Association of Heat and Frost Insulators and Allied Workers Local 50, International Federation of Professional and Technical Engineers, International Union of Bricklayers and Allied Crafts, International Union of Painters and Allied Trades District Council 6, Ironworkers Great Lakes District Council, Melwood, The Labor Citizen newspaper, Laborers International Union of North America, The National Labor Office of Blue Cross and Blue Shield, North Coast Area Labor Federation, Ohio Federation of Teachers, United Labor Agency, United Steelworkers.

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